The origin of piezoelectricity in animal and human tissue can be traced to collagen. The pyroelectric effect is caused by a time-dependent temperature variation, and the piezoelectric effect is caused by stress from deformation of the bimetal. The piezoelectric effect in bovine eyes is several times higher than in quartz. Taken from the initials of the element symbol PbZrxTi 1-xO 3 (O Thin-Film Piezo MEMS Foundry (Services) Many organic, synthetic and natural, and biological materials are piezoelectric, including nylon, wood, hair, bones, and eye tissue. The concept has been further refined to define piezoelectricity as the electric polarization produced by mechanical strain. ROHM utilizes thin-film piezos comprised of lead zirconate titanate (PZT). Piezo materials can roughly be classified into single crystal, ceramics, thin-film, and other types. We therefore reduced the exogenous TGF-3 in the chondrogenic medium used for cell culture and reassessed chondrogenic outcomes from the stem cells stimulated by our piezoelectric scaffold with applied pressure (0.08 MPa). The piezoelectric effect is primarily used in sensors, while the reverse piezoelectric effect is often adopted in actuators. We hypothesized that the same effect might be induced through piezoelectric stimulation. When force is applied, the position of the positive (+) and negative (-) ions move, creating a charge bias that generates voltage. Piezo elements utilize piezo materials that exhibit the piezoelectric effect. A piezo refers to a piezoelectric element/device that generates a voltage when force is applied (piezoelectric effect) or, conversely, is deformed when voltage is supplied (reverse piezoelectric effect).

Piezoelectric effect